Production of gas jets for power purposes



April 14, 1931.

H. JEZLER rnonucwxou OF (ms JETS FOR rowan PURPOSES Filed Sept. 15, 1927Patented Apr. 14, 1931 HUBERT JEZLER, F ZURICH, SWITZERLAND PRODUCTIONOF GAS JETS FOR POWER PURPOSES Application filed September 13, 1927,Serial No. 219,233, and in Switzerland September 28, 1926.

The invention relates to a new and improved apparatus for the productionof gas jets for the performance of mechanical work. The inventionconsists in the process to produce gas jets by a succession of more orless explosive combustions in a plurality of combustion chambers,without any motive par-ts whatever such as the usual valves, slides andso on. The high pressure gas jets issuing from the combustion chambersnot only perform the work attributed to the other parts of the motorsknown up to now, but they moreover introduce fresh air and gaseous fuelinto the chambers, com rcss the mixture and ignite the compressed uel.In this manner multiple combustion chamber, consists of a plurality ofcombustion chambers with means 1 am able to produce, by means of simple,reliable and safe apparatus either a continuous or an intermittent gasjet of high power.

The apparatus, hereinafter to he called the such as nozzles, ducts orthe like for suction, acceleration of the gaseous fuel and for chargingthe chambers with fresh air; also an ignition device, and tubular andnozzle systems for the production and conduction of the working gas jet.

In the accompanying drawings two examples of the multiple combustionchamber are shown diagrammatically.

Fig. 1 being a longitudinal section of a construction embodying myinvention, said section being taken on the line l-l of Fig. 2,

Fig. 2 being a cross section, and Fig. 3 is a transverse section on theline 3-3 of Fig. 1.

The multiple combustion chamber according to Fig. 1 consists of threechambers, two of which, marked 1a and 1c, are visible, the chambersbeing disposed symmetrically, about the central axis, and parallel tothe same. The combustion chambers communicate at their upper ends withducts 2a, and 2c and at their lower ends with ducts 3a and 3c. The upperand lower ducts respectively merge obliquely into axial downwardlydirected nozzles 4 and 5. The upper nozzle 4 forms part of an injectoran projects into the flared upper end of a central pipe 7. The injector4, 7 serves for thesuction and acceleration of fresh air drawn inthrough and passes from the chamber 16 openings 8, a jet 6 with highvelocity passing downwards through the injector pipe 7.

The nozzle 5 is the main nozzle, giving a definite direction to thejetswhich enter it at 16 from the ducts 3a, 80.

In the example shown inFig. l the main nozzle 5 is cut away obliquely atits lower end, like the nozzle of a De Laval turbine, and ma be used fordirectingthe jet on to the blades of a turbine rotor, so as to drive thesame.

For starting the apparatus in operation the ignition may be effected bythe use of ordinary spark plugs, such as are commonly used in connectionwith explosion chambers.

After a short run the parts become heated so that self-ignition takesplace by the very hot walls of the chambers, and owing to the speed andhigh temperature. In the injector pipe '7 there is produced a mixture ofburnt gasand a'surplus of fresh air, at a temperature above the ignitiontemperature of the fuel employed. The gas jet flowing through the duct3a inthe direction of the arrow 9 is subjected at its junction with theinjector stream to constriction and to deflection towards the mainnozzle 5, somewhat as is shown bythe line 10. If the arrangement is somade that, for example, two chambers side by side fire togethenthen thenarrowest crossscction of the main nozzle 5 is completely filled by thegas jets flowing from these chambers through the ducts 3a, and themixture of burntgas and air coming from the injector pipe 7 cannot flowthrough the main nozzle 5, but is deflected as indicated by the arrow 11into the chamber 10.

The arrangementmay, however, be such that only one chamber fires at atime, and then the cross-section of the ducts 3a and 30 chambers 1a,20:, etc. then remain compact and have little or no tendency to mix withthe mixture of burnt gas and air.

The air and burnt gas mixture entering the combustion chamber 10 drivesout the com bustion gases from this chamber, through the ducts 2c andtowards the nozzle 4. The quantify of combustion gas to be driven out isnot large, since the momentum of the gases emergv ing'rapidly during theex losion tends to ore-'- ate a vacuum in the chain r.

It is of special importance that the mixture from the injector is forcedwith great velocity into the relatively small chambers, so that theseare rapidly charged, the flow of the gasbeing then suddenly stopped, andsubjected to an abrupt reversal of movement on impact with the top ofthe chamber. The effect of this is comparable with an effect observed inconnection with hydraulic rams; there is a definite increase'in pressureaccompanied by considerable eddying. The injector stream itself receivesa continuous, succession of violent impulses through the explosions,increasing its kinetic energy more or less in proportion with the rateof the impulses. In this manner it is ossible to produce for a shorttime a very high compression. Durin 5 this short period the ignition ofthe injected fuel takes place, and the thermal efliciency isconsequently high. As soon as combustion in thechamber 10 takes place,with resulting increase in pressure, a reversal of the movement takesplace in the ducts 3a and 30.' In these such reversals occur constantly,in accordance with the successive charging and combustion, whereas inthe ducts 2a and 2c the direction of flow is always the same.

The multiple combustion chamber may comprise numerous chambers, but aspreviously noted the form illustrated has three chambers. In a threechambered unit only one chamber fires at a time. According to the.

rate of succession of the explosions the gas jet flowing from the mainnozzle 5 is constant or intermittent. In the latter case the intervalsmay be so largethat on account of the momentum of the in'ector streamfresh air is drawn in, and this air likewise flows through the mainnozzle, and has a cooling effect upon the blades of a turbine.

The supply of fuel is effected by means of" a pipe system,which connectsthe chambers with each other and with a central injector. Highly heatedcombustion gases flow through these pipes from the chambers afterexplosion, and liquid fuel is sucked in and atomized, and reduced to theform of vapour for mixing with highly heated air for combustion, sothatthe combustion is sudden and explosive.

The chambers la, 16 and 10 are in communication with small tubes 13a,13b and 130, which join them at-the lower parts. The

tubes are joined at their other ends to the central injector 14, (seeFig. 1) to which the fuel is supplied by way of a pipe 15.

The manner of operation is as follows: When for example the chamber 1ahas fired, combustion gas under high pressure flows from it through thetube 13a to the injector 14, where fuel is sucked in through the pipe15, and atomized. This fuel passes throu h the tube 130 in the form ofvapour to t e chamber'lc, at a high speed. By virtue of the whirlingmotion imparted to the heated air, (above ignition temperature)explosive combustion then takes place in the chamber 1c.- i I I By theadmission of fuel atshort intervals of time explosions are caused'totake place in one chamber after the other, in rapid succession theissuing combustion ases always passing in a jet through the nozz e 5 asshown at 10 in Fig. 1, so that the air and burnt gas mixture isdeflected into the chamber 1a, 1b, 1c in succession," according to thechanging position of the obstructing stream of gas.

7 So long as the combustion gases mixed with the air do not exceed theratio 2:3 there is no interference with combustion. In fact thecombustion gases later accelerate the combustion and take the place ofthe usual excess of air, as no lubric'ating oil vapours are present toretard combustion. It is well recognized that the presence of chemicallyinert bodies, such as combustion gases, do not reduce the thermalefiici'ency; if they are not dissociated by the heat.

Experiments have shown that a com ressor operating according to theabove sai injector principle, with the gas stream broken up and reversedat short intervals by impact, with part of the heat of the driving jetused for performing work at a later stage, works very economically.Furthermore it is to be observed that the compression takes'place in theprimary stage of the cycle, and the efficiency coeflicient of the comressor is not -compounded with a bad coe cient of eti i V K J by thecooling tained by using the cooling water under pressure, or by coolingwith steam. I may also use melted salts as a cooling medium.Particularly suitable for this purpose are mixtures of fluorides,bisulphates and chlorides, whose fusing temperature is about 300 (3.; at400 C., these salts are sutficiently fluid to circulate under the actionof differences of temperature, and they are not decom osed bytemperatures up to 1000 0., and 0 not attack iron.

Thin-walled parts, as for instance the nozales, blades, etc., may bebrought into contact with such fused salts to prevent them from burninor melting.

As a ready mentioned the kinetic energy of the gas jet issuing from themain nozzle may be utilized in any desired manner.

It will be obvious that the multi le combustion chamber may have formsot er than those herein described.

The method hereinbefore described and which may be carried out by theapparatus herein claimed is claimed in my copending application SerialNo. 510,964, filed J anuary 24, 1931.

What I wish to secure by the U. S. Letters Patent is 1. An apparatus forthe purpose described including a series of ex losion chambers, anexhaust gas tube, an out et passage from each chamber to said tube, saidpassages being arranged around the tube adjacent to the inlet end ofthelatter, an air tube in ali ment with the exhaust tube and terminating atsaid inlet end, and an injector at inlet end of said air tube and havingducts leading thereto from said chambers, the proportioning of the partsbeing such that the escape of exhaust gas from any of said chambcrsthrough its passage to the exhaust gas tube diverts air from said airtube to another of said chambers through the said passage of the latter.

2. An apparatus for the purpose specified including a series ofexplosion chambers an air tube, means for forcing a current of airtherethrough, a common exhaust gas tube in alignment with said air tube,a separate passage from each chamber and communicating with both of saidtubes at the inlet end of the exhaust gas tube and the outlet of the airtube, each of said passages deflecting of air from said serving fordelivery of air from said air tube to the corresponding chamber andexhaust gas from said chamber to said exhaust tube alternately.

'3. An apparatus for the purpose specified including a series ofexplosion chambers, an air tube, an injector for forcing air throughsaid tube and havin supply ducts connected to said explosion c ambers, acommon exhaust gas tube in alignment with said air tube, a separatepassage from each chamber and conimunicatin with both (if said tubes atthe inlet end of the exhaust gas tube and the outlet of the air tube,each of said passages serving for delivery of air from said air tube tothe corresponding chamber and exhaust gas from said chamber to saidexhaust tube alternately, said last mentioned passages and said tubesbeing so proportioned and positioned that the outflow of exhaust gasthrough one passage causes the air tube through another of saidpassages.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

HUBERT JEZLER, DR. ENG.

